Ict Movie Maker vs Adobe Premier Pro

ICT What Movie Maker is capable of doing Windows movie maker is able of: * Find all your video’s and images * Find any special sounds effects * Find any music * Decide on any written content * Make a rough plan of the running order * Create your movie. Advantages of using Windows Movie Maker 1) It is available free on any windows operating system 2) It is easy to learn 3) It is pretty straight forward 4) You do not need film editing experience in order to use windows media player 5) There are over 130 effects, transitions, titles, and credits available 6) After capture, any clip can be dragged and dropped anywhere on the timeline.Disadvantages of using Windows Movie Maker 1) It suffers from crashes frequently. 2) Program freezes at times. 3) It is not possible to uninstall the program through the add/remove panel. 4) It is not possible to do complex editing. Adobe Premier Pro Advantages of Adobe Premier Pro 1) The software has the ability to go into extensive detail and edit v ideos within seconds. 2) Larger videos are easier to convert and use in the program although this is not important to my solution as I will only be creating small clips (max. minutes). 3) Contains a feature called timeline which allows for zooming in and out. 4) Several tutorials available online Disadvantages of Adobe Premier Pro 1) More expensive than most other competitive software of the same type. 2) To use the features if the software users are required to view forums, see the help section of Adobes website as most features are more complex than they are required to be and most people are used to. 3) Larger file sizes are left in comparison to other packages, requiring more disk space.

Pest Analysis of Automobile Industry Essay

I would like to confer my heartiest thanks to my coordinator of Business Environment and class teacher Miss Impreet Kaur for giving me the opportunity to expel and work in the field of Environmental Analysis, especially its practical applications. While preparing my project I got to have an in depth knowledge of practical applications of the theoretical concepts and definitely the things which I have learned will undoubtedly help me in future, to analyze many processes going on in our economy. I would also like to thank all those people who directly or indirectly helped us in accomplishing this project. Literature Review Competitiveness of manufacturing sector is a very broad multi-dimensional concept that embraces numerous aspects such as price, quality, productivity, efficiency and macro-economic environment. The OECD definition of competitiveness, which is most widely quoted, also considers employment and sustainability, while being exposed to international competition, as features pertaining to competitiveness. There are numerous studies on auto industry in India, published by industry associations, consultancy organizations, research bodies and peer-reviewed journals. In this section, various studies on the Indian auto industry are reviewed, under different heads pertaining to competitiveness, namely, global comparisons, policy environment and evolution of the Indian auto industry, productivity, aspects related to supply-chain and industrial structure and technology and other aspects. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a simple, useful and widely-used tool that helps you understand the â€Å"big picture† of your Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological, Legal and Environmental aspects. As such, it is used by business leaders worldwide to build their vision of the future. PESTLE analysis is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. Identifying PESTLE influences is a useful way of summarizing the external environment in which a business operates. However, it must be followed up by consideration of how a business should respond to these influences. It is important for these reasons: * First, by making effective use of PESTLE Analysis, you ensure that what you are doing is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting our world. By taking advantage of change, you are much more likely to be successful than if your activities oppose it; * Second, good use of PESTLE Analysis helps you avoid taking action that is doomed to failure from the outset, for reasons beyond your control; and * Third, PESTLE is useful when you start operating in a new country or region. Use of PESTLE helps you break free of unconscious assumptions, and helps you quickly adapt to the realities of the new environment. The table below lists some possible factors that could indicate important environmental influences for a business under the PESTLE headings: Political / Legal| Economic| Social| Technological| – Environmental regulation and protection| – Economic growth | – Income distribution | – Government spending on research| – Taxation | – Monetary policy | – Demographics | – Government and industry focus on technological effort| – International trade regulation| – Government spending | – Labor / social mobility| – New discoveries and development| – Consumer protection| – Policy towards unemployment | – Lifestyle changes | – Speed of technology transfer | – Employment law| – Taxation | – Attitudes to work and leisure| – Rates of technological obsolescence | – Government organization / attitude | – Exchange rates | – Education| – Energy use and costs | – Competition regulation| – Inflation | – Fashions and fads| – Changes in material sciences | | – Stage of the business cycle | – Health & welfare | – Impact of changes in Information technology| | – Economic â€Å"mood† – consumer confidence| – Living conditions | – Internet! | PESTLE Analysis of Automobile Sector Political. * In 2002, the Indian government formulated an auto policy that aimed at promoting integrated, phased, enduring and self-sustained growth of the Indian automotive industry * Allows automatic approval for foreign equity investment up to 100% in the automotive sector and does not lay down any minimum investment criteria. * Formulation of an appropriate auto fuel policy to ensure availability of adequate amount of appropriate fuel to meet emission norms * Confirms the government’s intention on harmonizing the regulatory standards with the rest of the world * Indian government auto policy aimed at promoting an integrated, phased and conductive growth of the Indian automobile industry. * Allowing automatic approval for foreign equity investment up to 100% with no minimum investment criteria. * Establish an international hub for manufacturing small, affordable passenger cars as well as tractor and two wheelers. * Ensure a balanced transition to open trade at minimal risk to the Indian economy and local industry. * Assist development of vehicle propelled by alternate energy source. * Lying emphasis on R&D activities carried out by companies in India by giving a weighted tax deduction of up to 150% for in house research and R&D activities. * Plan to have a terminal life policy for CVs along with incentives for replacement for such vehicles. * Promoting multi-model transportation and the implementation of mass rapid transport system. Economic * The level of inflation Employment level per capita is right. * Economic pressures on the industry are causing automobile companies to reorganize the traditional sales process. * Weighted tax deduction of up to 150% for in-house research and R & D activities. * Govt. has granted concessions, such as reduced interest rates for export financing. * The Indian economy has grown at 8. 5% per annum. * The manufacturing sector has grown at 8-10 % per annum in the last few years. * More than 90% of the CV purchase is on credit. * Finance availability to CV buyers has grown in scope during the last few years. * The increased enforcement of overloading restrictions has also contributed to an increase in the no. of CVs plying on Indian roads. * Several Indian firms have partnered with global players. While some have formed joint ventures with equity participation, other also has entered into technology tie-ups. * Establishment of India as a manufacturing hub, for mini, compact cars, OEMs and for auto components. Social * Since changed lifestyle of people, leads to increased purchase of automobiles, so automobile sector have a large customer base to serve. * The average family size is 4, which makes it favorable to buy a four wheeler. * Growth in urbanization, 4th largest economy by ppp index. * Upward migration of household income levels. * 85% of cars are financed in India. * Car priced below USD 12000 accounts for nearly 80% of the market. * Vehicles priced between USD 7000-12000 form the largest segment in the passenger car market. * Indian customers are highly discerning, educated and well informed. They are price sensitive and put a lot of emphasis on value for money. * Preference for small and compact cars. They are socially acceptable even amongst the well off. * Preference for fuel efficient cars with low running costs. Technological * More and more emphasis is being laid on R & D activities carried out by companies in India. * Weighted tax deduction of up to 150% for in-house research and R & D activities. * The Government of India is promoting National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) to support the growth of the auto industry in India * Technological solutions helps in integrating the supply chain, hence reduce losses and increase profitability. * Customized solutions (designer cars, etc) can be provided with the proliferation of technology * Internet makes it easy to collect and analyse customer feedback * With the entry of global companies into the Indian market, advanced technologies, both in product and production process have developed. * With the development or evolution of alternate fuels, hybrid cars have made entry into the market. * Few global companies have setup R &D centers in India. * Major global players like audi, BMW, Hyundai etc have setup their manufacturing units in India. Environmental * Physical infrastructure such as roads and bridges affect the use of automobiles. If there is good availability of roads or the roads are smooth then it will affect the use of automobiles. * Physical conditions like environmental situation affect the use of automobiles. If the environment is pleasant then it will lead to more use of vehicles. * Technological solutions helps in integrating the supply chain, hence reduce losses and increase profitability. * With the entry of global companies into the Indian market, advanced technologies, both in product and production process have developed. * With the development or evolution of alternate fuels, hybrid cars have made entry into the market. * Few global companies have setup R &D centers in India. * Major global players like audi, BMW, Hyundai etc have setup their manufacturing units in India. Legal * Legal provision relating to environmental population by automobiles. * Legal provisions relating to safety measures. * Confirms the government’s intention on harmonizing the regulatory standards with the rest of the world * Indian government auto policy aimed at promoting an integrated, phased and conductive growth of the Indian automobile industry. * Establish an international hub for manufacturing small, affordable passenger cars as well as tractor and two wheelers. * Ensure a balanced transition to open trade at minimal risk to the Indian economy and local industry. Introduction The Indian automotive component industry is dominated by around 500 players which account for more than 85% of the production. The turnover of this industry has been growing at a mammoth 28. 05% per annum from 2002-03 onwards as illustrated in Fig. 1 which clarifies its emergence as one of India’s fastest growing manufacturing sectors. During 1990s, the auto components market in India used to be dominated by supplies to the aftermarket with only 35% exports sourced by global Tier 1 OEMs (Original equipment Manufacturers). The industry made a sustained shift to the global Tier 1 market and today, the component manufacturers supply 75% of their exports to global Tier 1 OEMs and the remaining to the aftermarket. This is largely due to the growing capability of the Indian component suppliers in understanding technical drawings, conversance with global automotive standards, economically attractive costs (manufacturing costs are 25%-30% lower than its western counterparts), flexibility in small batch production and growing information technology application for design, development and simulation. Besides the burgeoning demand of auto components from global majors, the domestic automobile industry has been showing a sparkling growth caused by increasing customer base and affordable loans. Based on this, the turnover of the Indian auto component industry is expected to touch US$ 18. 7 billion by 2009 and estimated to reach US$ 40 billion by 2014. Overview of Indian Automobile Industry The liberalized policies of the Indian Government paved towards steady evolution of India as a stable and market driven economy with the real Gross Domestic Product growth in excess of 8%, foreign exchange reserves crossing the $150 billion mark, growing value of Indian Rupee compared to US dollar and reducing inflation rate. 100% Foreign Direct Investment, absence of local content regulation, manufacturing and imports free from licensing & approvals in the automobile sector coupled with customs tariff or auto components reducing to 12. 5% resulted in increased number of multinationals establishing their bases in India and with export markets looking up, the Indian automobile industry is poised for a phenomenal growth. The automobile production in the sub-continent has been growing steadily @ 18. 53% per annum from 2002-03 onwards with total vehicle production standing at a mammoth 1,00,31,296 nos. in 2005-06 as is shown in Fig. 2. Among the automobiles, 2 wheelers account for 75. 77%, cars about 11. 09%, 3 wheelers to the tune of 4. 33%, tractors about 2. 95%, buses & trucks constitute 2. 19%, Multi Utility Vehicles (MUVs) to the tune of 1. 96% and Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) about 1. 71% of the total number of automobiles produced in the country. Presently, India is the second largest market after China for two & three wheelers. In tractors production, India is one of the two largest manufacturers in the world along with China. The subcontinent stands as the 4th largest producer of trucks in the world. Coming to the passenger car segment, the country is positioned 11th in car production in the world. The Indian passenger car market is far from being saturated leaving ample opportunity for volume growth since the per capita car penetration per 1000 is only 7 compared to 500 in Germany. The production of cars in the country has been growing at a mammoth 27. 58% per annum from 2002- 03 onwards as is shown in Fig. 3. In general, cars are broadly classified as Mini, Compact, Mid-Size, Executive & Premium varieties. There has been a steady rise in compact car production from 333,000 in 2002-03 to 715,000 in 2005- 06, mid-size cars from 122,000 to 204,000 nos. , executive cars from 2000 to 23,000 nos. and premium variety cars from 4000 in 2002-03 to 5000 nos. in 2005-06. The mini car segment production reduced from 150,000 in 2002-03 to 98,000 nos. in 2005-06. These statistics vividly reveal the increasing capacity of the Indian customer, thus driving the passenger car demand rapidly up the price ladder. Analysts speculate car production in the sub-continent to touch 1575,000 in 2009 and 2654,000 by 2014. Cars and MUVs exports rose from 72,000 in 2002-03 to reach 176,000 nos. in 2005-06 with growth @ 48. 155 per annum from 2002-03 onwards. Out of the two wheelers produced in India, motorcycles account for 81. 59%, scooters about 13. 42% and mopeds to the tune of 4. 99% of the total production. The production statistics is shown in Fig. 4 which shows the growth of 2 wheelers @ 16. 58% per annum from 2002-03 onwards. Out of this, motorcycles have exhibited production growth @ 19. 99% per annum, scooters @ 6. 74% per annum & mopeds @ 2. 65% per annum from 2002-03 onwards. Two wheeler production units in India constitute of Japanese OEMS (Original Equipment Manufacturers) which include Hero Honda Motors, Honda Motorcycle & scooter India (P) Ltd. , Yamaha Motor India (P) Ltd. & Suzuki Motorcycle India (P) Ltd. and Indian OEMs consisting of Bajaj Auto L t d . , TVS Motor Company Ltd. , LML Ltd. , Kinetic Engineering Ltd. , Majestic Auto Ltd. , Kinetic Motor Company Ltd. and Royal Enfield of Eicher Ltd. Out of the aforementioned, Hero Honda accounts for 39. 55%, Bajaj Auto about 26. 87%, TVS Motors 17. 98%, Honda Motors 7. 94%, Yamaha Motors 3. 27%, LML 1. 41% and the remaining 2. 98% of the total 2 wheelers production in the country. The exports of two wheelers made a significant growth from a level of 180,000 in 2002-03 to reach 513,000 nos. in 2005-06. The latest estimates put up production of 2 wheelers to 13. 6 million by 2009. Current status of the industry The industry over a period of time has installed a robust capacity as given below: Table 1. Installed capacity in different segments of the automobile industry Against this installed capacity, the production over last few years has been as: Table 2. Vehicle production, 1996-2002 In order to illustrate the volume in economic terms, the Indian automobile industry achieved a turnover of nearly US$ 8 billion (excluding component industry) during the year 1998-1999. The imports of the industry during that year were of the order of US$ 0. 8 billion. The auto component industry in the country has also made rapid strides and its turnover has almost doubled in last five-year period as the year-wise production given below indicates. 1997-1998 US$ 2. 51 billion 1998-1999 US$ 2. 71 billion 1999-2000 US$ 3. 41 billion 2000-2001 US$ 3. 58 billion (estimated) Automotive industry of India is now finding increasing recognition worldwide. A beginning has been made in exports of vehicles. However, the exports have largely remained static since 1996-1997. India is making serious efforts to tap the potential in this area. The following table indicates the situation. Table 3. Indian car exports, 1996-2001 Indian automobiles are being exported mainly to the following countries. Table 3. 4. Main export destinations. The auto component industry in India now equipped with significant advancement in its technological capabilities, due to its alignment with major vehicle manufacturers in the country and abroad, has a high export potential. During the late 1990s, the export of auto-components has grown by a CAGR of about 20 per cent. Currently, the share of exports out of the total production of auto-components is 10 per cent. During the last 5 years, the exports of auto components have been as follows: 1998-1999 US$ 292 million 1999-2000 US$ 347 million 2000-2001 US$ 400 million (estimated) Future Projections Automobile industry With the domestic auto industry now moving in step with the WTO covenants, the stage is set for it to make rapid strides domestically and internationally to attain its rightful place in the world trade. A global recession for last two years notwithstanding, the industry has shown appreciable resilience and adjusted to the challenges of the environment. Based on the general growth projections indicated by the Planning Commission of India for the next five-year period, automobile industry is expected to register growth pattern as given below. This growth estimate implies certain assumptions relating to segment-wise growth rates based on a study conducted by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER). Table 3. 5 Projections of India’s automobile industry, 2001-2012 Emerging trends in Indian Automobile Globalization is pushing auto majors to consolidate, to upgrade technology, enlarge product range, access new markets and cut costs. They have resorted to common platforms, modular assemblies and systems integration of component suppliers and e-commerce. The component industry is undergoing vertical integration resulting into emergence of ‘systems and assembly suppliers’ rather than individual component suppliers. Thus, while most component suppliers are integrating into tier 2 and tier 3 suppliers, larger manufacturers and multinational corporations (MNCs) are being transformed into tier 1 companies. Environmental and safety concerns are leading to higher safety and emission norms in the country. India has already charted out a road-map for reaching EURO-II norms across the country by the year 2005. Seven metropolitan cities of India would simultaneously move to EURO-III norms in 2005. Most vehicle manufacturers are already producing EURO-II compliant vehicles in the country to meet special requirements of capital city of New Delhi where the Supreme Court verdict has already necessitated this. To meet the concomitant testing and certification activities relating to higher safety and emission norms, testing infrastructure in the country is being overhauled. A substantive state funding is being planned in upgrading the testing infrastructure with participation of industry. Environmental pollution and the need to conserve existing supply of fossil fuels have led to search for alternative fuels. In addition to supporting greenfield research in this area, an ambitious phased programme to upgrade carbon fuel quality commensurate with higher emission norms is also being undertaken. Foreign direct investment norms have already been considerably relaxed. Unhindered import of automobiles, including new and second hand vehicles, has also been permitted. Most non-tariff barriers have also been relaxed or removed. The Government has moderated and lowered taxes and duties on automobiles, including customs duty. Value Added Tax (VAT) is also proposed to be introduced across the country from 1 April 2001. The Government has also allowed private sector participation in the insurance sector. Norms guiding external commercial borrowings (ECBs) have been liberalized and lending rates within the country have also been reduced further strengthening the environment of investment. An ambitious programme to upgrade the quadrilateral of highways in the country, the Government is laying an eight-lane expressway linking all metropolitan and several important capital towns across the country paving the way for movement of heavier haulage vehicles. Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s Five Forces of Competition framework views the profitability of an industry as determined by five sources of competitive pressure. These five forces of competition include three sources of â€Å"horizontal† competition: competition from substitutes, competition from entrants, and competition from established rivals; and two sources of â€Å"vertical† competition: the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. The strength of each of these competitive forces is determined by a number of key structural variables, as shown in Figure 3. 3. FIGURE 3. 2 Porter’s Five Forces of Competition framework Competition from Substitutes The price customers are willing to pay for a product depends, in part, on the availability of substitute products. The absence of close substitutes for a product, as in the case of automobiles, means that consumers are comparatively insensitive to price (i. e. , demand is inelastic with respect to price). The existence of close substitutes means that customers will switch to substitutes in response to price increases for the product (i. e. , demand is elastic with respect to price). The extent to which substitutes limit prices and profits depends on the propensity of buyers to substitute between alternatives. This, in turn, is dependent on their price performance characteristics. The more complex the needs being fulfilled by the product and the more difficult it is to discern performance differences, the lower the extent of substitution by customers on the basis of price differences. FIGURE 3. 3 The structural determinants of the Five Forces of Competition Rivalry between Established Competitors For most industries, the major determinant of the overall state of competition and the general level of profitability is competition among the firms within the industry. In some industries, firms compete aggressively – sometimes to the extent that prices are pushed below the level of costs and industry-wide losses are incurred. In others, price competition is muted and rivalry focuses on advertising, innovation, and other non price dimensions. Six factors play an important role in determining the nature and intensity of competition between established firms: concentration, the diversity of competitors, product differentiation, excess capacity, exit barriers, and cost conditions. Threat of Entry If an industry earns a return on capital in excess of its cost of capital, that industry acts as a magnet to firms outside the industry. Unless the entry of new firms is barred, the rate of profit will fall toward its competitive level. The threat of entry rather than actual entry may be sufficient to ensure that established firms constrain their prices to the competitive level. * Economies of Scale – Since Indian automobile market is of order $ 350 billion, the economies of scale are very high. Thus, threat of new entrants is low. * Product Differences – Since there is hardly any difference in the offerings of the various providers, so product differentiation is low. So threat of new entrants is high. * Brand Identity – Since there is no big Retailer like Amazon. com or Wal-Mart in India. So threat of new entrants is high. * Government Policy – Since the Government Policy has been quite restrictive till now with respect to the Retail market & FDI, so threat of new entrants is low. * Capital Requirements – The capital requirements for entering in the automobile sector are substantially high( high fixed cost and cost of infrastructure), so only big names can think of venturing into this area So, in that respect threat of new entrants is low. * Access to distribution – Since in India there is no well established distribution network. So threat of new entrants is low. Bargaining Power of Buyers The firms in an industry operate in two types of markets: in the markets for inputs and the markets for outputs. In input markets firms purchase raw materials, components, and financial and labor services. In the markets for outputs firms sell their goods and services to customers (who may be distributors, consumers, or other manufacturers). In both markets the transactions create value for both buyers and sellers. How this value is shared between them in terms of profitability depends on their relative economic power. The strength of buying power that firms face from their customers depends on two sets of factors: buyers’ price sensitivity and relative bargaining power. * Product Differences – Since there is hardly any difference in the offerings of the various providers, so product differentiation is low. So bargaining power of buyers is high. * Buyer Information – Today’s customers are well educated about the various product offerings in the sector. So bargaining power of buyers is high. * Buyer Switching Costs – Since customers don’t have to pay a fat premium to be registered for provision of services , so bargaining power of buyers is high. * Brand Identity – High Brand Identity and trustworthiness reduce the bargaining power of buyers but, otherwise the bargaining power of buyers is high. * Buyer Profits – Since dealers offers discounts and various bundling services like 0% insurance, old car sale, etc, on different items. Hence bargaining power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers. Analysis of the determinants of relative power between the producers in an industry and their suppliers is precisely analogous to analysis of the relationship between producers and their buyers. The only difference is that it is now the firms in the industry that are the buyers and the producers of inputs that are the suppliers. The key issues are the ease with which the firms in the industry can switch between different input suppliers and the relative bargaining power of each party. * Product Differences – Since there is hardly any difference in the offerings of the various suppliers, so product differentiation is low. So bargaining power of Suppliers is low. * Supplier Information – Today’s automobile manufacturers are well educated about different Suppliers. So bargaining power of Suppliers is low. * Supplier Switching Costs – Since different Suppliers hold resources as per buyer’s requirements and a large inventory has to be maintained. So bargaining power of Suppliers is low as they would have to incur a huge cost on switching. But if they get automobile manufacturers for similar products who can pay higher Supplier switching cost is low. In such case, bargaining power of Suppliers is high. * Brand Identity – High Brand Identity and Trustworthiness of a Supplier increases the bargaining power of Suppliers. But, otherwise the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Measures for more Conducive Growth. The automobile industry across the world has great potential to trigger sustained employment, mobility, inter- sectoral industrial growth and thus conduce conditions for general economic and social well-being. However, there is need to promote and sustain international cooperation between Governments and industry. There is need for coordinated research and development, standardization of designs and broader technologies, effective cost cutting to enhance affordability and loosening of trade barriers across the globe. There are separate measures, which require addressing at the national and international levels. Some suggested steps at both levels are listed below. Suggestions at the national level. Further lessening the incidence of taxes and loosening of non-tariff barriers has to be attempted with a faster pace faster. A regime of single tax across the country is an ideal situation and possibilities of this should be explored. A vehicle retirement programme which will assist not only in fleet modernization and reduction of emission but will also provide quantum fillip to the demand should be put in place. There is a need to brief the international communities on technological and quality related capabilities of Indian automobile industry. Substantive efforts are required for educating opinion leaders and build a strong ‘Made in India’ brand in overseas markets. Existing incentives for promoting exports are considered inadequate. An institutional mechanism such as the Automobile Export Promotion Council, which can address industry-specific issues and facilitate exports is urgently required. Labor laws’ reforms to facilitate better productivity and reduction in manpower costs as has already been committed by the Government should be expedited. Greater tax incentive on expenditure incurred on research and development in automotive sector. Tariff rationalization and taming of avoidable competition between rail and road transport sectors should be carried out. In this unhealthy competition, both the industries are unable to realize their full potential. Easier availability of market credit for funding automobile acquisition is required. Despite lower interest rates, availability of easy credit in rural and semi-urban areas requires more focused attention. This can substantially spur the demand. Suggestions at the international level Serious and sustained dialogue on regional cooperation in automobile sector should begin at the earliest. Dialogue should be regular and focused in which Governments and industry should both engage. The recent statistics of custom duties show that the average tariff rates of different countries have declined. However, it has been noticed that the problem of high tariffs is still prevalent in certain sectors. These high tariffs are generally noticed in developed countries. Reduction of peak tariffs is necessary to facilitate free flow of automobiles. Non-tariff barriers should be phased out with mutual dialogue and consensus. Mutual recognition should be accorded to the testing and certification agencies in various countries. Countries should join hands in developing alternative fuels to replace the existing fossil fuels. Similar cooperation is required in other critical areas of technological development. Fragmented and limited research in each country may lead to delay and more expensive results. Affordability of quality automobiles should be focus of industry across the world to facilitate volumes and widespread ownership. Reasons of Growth. Economic liberalization, increase in per capita income, various tax relief policies, easy accessibility of finance, launch of new models and exciting discount offers made by dealers all together have resulted in to a stupendous growth of India automobile industry. Market Share Automobile industry of India can be broadly classified under passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, three wheelers and two wheelers, with two wheelers having a maximum market share of more than 75%. Automobile companies of India, Korea, Europe and Japan have a significant hold on the Indian market share. Tata Motors produces maximum numbers of mid and large size commercial vehicles, holding more that 60% of the market share. Motorcycles tops the charts of two wheelers with Hero Honda being the key player. Bajaj by far is the number one manufacturer of three wheelers in India. Passenger vehicle section is majorly ruled by the car manufacturers capturing over 82% of the total market share. Maruti since long has been the biggest car manufacturer and holds more that 50% of the entire market. Global recession has impacted, the Indian automobile industry also and can be seen clearly in the sales figures of the last financial year. Even then this industry has high hopes in 2009-2010, as banks have reduced loan interest rates and the major chuck of automobile customers belong to the middle income group who are becoming economically stronger with every passing day. Conclusions Easier and faster mobility of people and goods across the regions, countri.

Advantages Of Women Entrepreneurs Business Essay

Advantages Of Women Entrepreneurs Business Essay In India women entrepreneurs play a very pivotal role. They are not only educated, talented, confident, ambitious and career oriented but they also know their minds. This helps them to juggle the tasks, manage all the chores and strike a fine balance between the professional and personal lives. They have a good foresight, patience, negotiating and budgeting skills. Today, women have demonstrated their multitasking ability. Women entrepreneurs can certainly initiate, organize, plan and operate their small and medium venture efficiently. Affirming this notion, Ms. Husain Chairperson and Managing Director of Shanaz Husain Group of companies elaborate, â€Å"the women who is creative finds greater freedom to translate her creativity and ideas when she has her own enterprise. For those women without high professional qualifications and those who are from a lower economic sector, entrepreneurship is a means of earning money and contributing to the family income. However, the challenge fo r the larger sections of women in India lies in crossing the threshold, overcoming barriers and discovering their own potential and identity. The climate is more conducive today and the time is right.† C:UsershclDesktopwomen-business.jpg ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS Advantages of women entrepreneurs are as follows: 1. Emotional Intelligence Women are more emotionally intelligent than man and possess good interpersonal skills which are vital for framing strategies and building support. 2. Multitask Orientation Women have the ability of handling many tasks at the same time like talking on the phone, reading their mails, scheduling what else needs to be finished for the rest of the day and giving excellent results. They balance their families and career simultaneously effectively. Men are known to have been more troublesome with multitasking tending to focus on one or two things, thus wasting opportunities. 3. Self-Branding Attitude Woman entrepreneurs are extremely passiona te by nature and enthusiastic about their choices, talking about them and sharing their thoughts. They emphasize the benefits of their services to their potential clients and are aware of how to highlight the positive features. 4. Patience Women entrepreneurs are very patience by nature and have great vision. Visionary entrepreneurs giving up on their dreams after only some months as a consequence of becoming impatient with the process only proves that the vision is not enough. The ability to wait and see is a key attribute in order to receive positive outcomes and women have it naturally. 5. Motivation Women entrepreneurs have a great passion for the work and a commitment to society. If they have the drive to pursue entrepreneurship, it means they are not afraid of taking any risks and will also make monetary gains. They possess the inner strength to continue and searches all possible means to share their business ideas with others. The increasing number of women entrepreneurs can promote economic and social equity which facilitates self-fulfillment for individuals, and improve the use of valuable human capital. Feminine traits and talents can be seen as sources of power with great advantages for entrepreneurship. In the near future women may be closing the venture capital gender gap.

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Research Methods - Essay Example Malaysia is currently enrolled in the Vision 2020 project to upgrade to fully developed nation status. Educational opportunities in the healthcare profession comprise an important component of these efforts to improve nation status in the world community. The paper addresses the scope of these efforts to address post-registration degree course student participant evaluation in this developing nation. The research presented in this paper describes the results of a qualitative study of the personal and professional experiences of a group of nurses enrolled in a two year post-registration degree course offered in Malaysia by an Australian University that was administered as an off-campus teaching module. The stated goal of this research was to assess the opinions of nursing professionals enrolled in a post-baccalaureate research program offered in Borneo by an Australian University. The overall purpose of this research endeavour was well-stated and clearly introduced in light of the importance of integrating such programmes into the nursing education programmes of developing nations. The authors cite the dearth of studies on post-baccalaureate nursing education in developing nations as most of the current studies of this important area of nursing education have been conducted in Western nations. The paradigm that the data on these nursing programmes from Western nations may be broadly applied to other areas of the world in regard to addressing critical issues in nursing education was questioned by these researchers, who decided to explore issues of postgraduate nursing education in the context of a developing nation with limited access to these opportunities for advanced education i n nursing to explore the specific issues that may specifically need to be addressed in these area. The bulk of the existing research has focused on post-baccalareate conversion programs in the US, UK and Australia.

Sustainable Management Futures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sustainable Management Futures - Assignment Example â€Å"Let Capitalism Rip†, in the speech of British Prime Minister David Cameron signifies the dominance of capitalism in the society which concentrates on demolishing the free market. According to Prime Minister David Cameron, the popular capitalism should allow everyone to share in the success of the market. The Prime Minister also includes in his speech the social responsibilities of the firms and to prevent the abuse of the policies that have been conducted by the organisations to gain larger profitability as well as competency (BBC, 2012). To be precise, Prime Minister David Cameron, by making counterarguments over chronic capitalism practiced in UK documented the need for free market considerations not only on profit maximization but also toward Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). With due consideration to the aspect of capitalism and market labours, the government intends to enforce the policies toward the determined poverty level, ecological demolition, fundamenta l inequalities of wealth, and concentrated power in the hands of corporation, and property-owner among others (Charter & Johnson, 2011). The labour economics from a free market perspective signifies that the labours in the economy are based upon the three crucial factors of production which are recognised as land, labour and capital that generates the massive part of the annual GDP of the country. Therefore, the traders as well as the government in the United Kingdom provide significant consideration towards these issues of labours in the economic stature of the country (Block, 2008). In this regards, the speech of Prime Minister Cameron indicates to build a better and structured economy, so that the country along with its citizens can be benefitted in the free market, in terms of avoidance towards economic crisis and other similar challenges including poverty as well as power and wealth distribution (BBC, 2012). The proposal put forward by Prime Minister David Cameron in this speec h elaborates on the proper utilization of the human resources (labours) and other natural resources signifying a free rein perception within the market moving ahead against the traditional approach and â€Å"Let Capitalism Rip†. In the context of his speech about the dominance of capitalism in the entire business society of UK and its impact on the economic structure of the country, the moral highlighted was to apply the basic fair market approach in the business environment (Charter & Johnson, 2011). Prime Minister David Cameron, in this regard, stated that capitalism can be one of the strongest tools for development of the country’s financial structure, involving wealth creation as well as social responsibilities that was ever recognized. An effective capitalism insists the proprietors of intellectual property rights along with the economic property rights facilitating them to earn a profit as a reward for investing the capital at risk in a suitable form of free mark et financial activity (Norman, 2011). Capitalism is not only concerned about the economic and social conditions, it also be acquainted with its morals. The notion of capitalism involves morality as it considers a few auspicious demands, such the individual freedom based on personal principles, the assets of hard work and creativity, the social exchange regarding effectiveness of the traditions and intellectual practices along with government’

Computer Architecture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Architecture - Assignment Example In his 1946 paper authored with Hermann H. Goldstine and Arthur W. Burks, and titled "Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Computing Instrument,† von Neumann provided an elaborate explanation and plan concerning the physical layout of a basic computer and how it should operate. The ideas and explanations in the paper were to have a massive influence on virtually every subsequent design and development of computers (Aspray, 1990). His pioneering design ultimately led to the building (in 1952) of the EDVAC computer. According to Aspray (1990), the von Neumann architecture is what has always been used in the computer world whenever computers are being designed, and it is what most people are used to anyway. It is considered to be a groundbreaking innovation that laid one of the strongest foundations in the design, organization and development of electronic computers. In the "Preliminary Discussion" section of his paper, von Neumann states that a computer s hould have 4 main "organs." These â€Å"organs† can be categorized as connected to memory, connection to human input, control and arithmetic; they are otherwise known as the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit, input-output devices and the memory unit. von Neumann considered the ability to store orders, or instructions, that resulted in computation, as well as the results of this computation, as the core elements of a computer. As a result, more attention was to be paid to these elements. It is important to note that von Neumann defined every one of the four components he saw as integral to the development of general purpose computers, and therefore made it easy for subsequent developments to be made (Aspray, 1990). Question 2 As one of the two main buses in a computer, the system bus plays a crucial role in ensuring that a computer functions normally and commands are executed as required. The system bus is a network formed by the linking of the different sections in a co mputer; these are the system memory, the CPU and other components that are located on the motherboard. The main function of the system bus is to enhance modularity and reduce production costs all at the same time (Appleman, 2000). For example, earlier computers were bulky and were considered them too expensive for regular people who wanted to own a computer. The primary reason behind this was that companies found it hard to fit all the components of a computer into the motherboard, and therefore had to use more materials in order to create enough space to house all of them. Thus, a combination of poor ergonomics and high production costs meant that it was inevitable that the final product would be huge and prices would be prohibitive. However, with the invention and increasing use of the system bus, it was possible to make smaller computers that performed just as well as (if not better than) the earlier versions. In addition to this, there was a lot of expectation from customers tha t prices would be lowered and modulation between memory, cost and input-output devices would be enhanced (Appleman, 2000). Over time, the system bus has been refined and improved on, leading to even smaller computers and eventually the development of laptop computers that incorporate sleeker and more sophisticated system buses. Question 3 Due to the fact that computers run in binary (using zeros (0s) and ones (1s) only), it

Week 4 question 1 & 2 part b Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 question 1 & 2 part b - Personal Statement Example Moreover, the community ought to enhance awareness among its members on the importance of environment conservation. The community also needs to be discouraged from encroaching into the forests and water sources such as rivers. Better farming methods should also be encouraged to prevent the pollution of these important water resources. The fundamental role played by water cannot be overemphasized in any ecosystem. As such, the effort should be aimed at ensuring that as little water as possible is wasted, and possibly, the wasted water treated promptly. One of the simple, cost effective, simple and reliable way in which natural ecosystems can treat this important commodity is phytodepuration (Vymazal, 2008). This is a water treatment technique that reproduces the natural purification processes in a controlled environment. Little deep basins are used filled with inert material which is fed with aquatic plants. The plants used reproduce the natural purification process. The method is very cheap and cost effective

Many cultures use animals for ceremonial or celebratory purposes, and Essay

Many cultures use animals for ceremonial or celebratory purposes, and often this means the animals must be killed or eaten - Essay Example Firstly, the argument for the preservation of animal lives at the expense of humans is hypocritical stance. The development of humans alone jeopardizes animal and natural surroundings. According to several studies, the expansion of human industrial and domestic areas has led to the extinction of numerous species and endangered others (Taylor, 191-222). Therefore, based on the same argument, it would be illogical to deny humans a living area at the expense of animals and the same applies to neglecting old traditions to save animal lives. Human traditions are an essential part of society and key in the development of future generations. Traditions and rituals are a mode of linking each person to his or her past and ensuring that certain factors are preserved within the community. Therefore, the act of killing animals for rituals is a symbol of a broader meaning with a more substantial value than the life of the animal. It resembles a community, its history and is the basis upon which future generations are formed. Therefore, this shows the importance of human tradition and the necessity of the animal killings that are performed in the

Testing Web Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Testing Web Services - Essay Example Over the half decade, web services have become widely used in the deployment of web-based applications as they provide the advantage of compatibility with various software platforms. However, due to the platform-independent nature of a client-server network architecture, testing web services can prove to be more difficult and requires approaches that are different from those employed in traditional software testing. World Wide Web (WWW) services typically involve three components: a web server, a web page, and a web browser. These components work together in delivering information to the end-user. Web pages are written using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for delivering formatted static content. Dynamic web pages can be constructed with the use of additional scripting using programming languages such as PHP, ASP, C#, or Java. These scripts are typically located in the web server. The last component, the web browser, displays text and multimedia content of web pages to the end-user. Currently, there are a number of web browsers available in the market, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome. The main purpose of creating web-based applications is to facilitate data transfer to the server and between servers. Web services work with various internet protocols and web standards. ... Online services rely on such standards to properly exchange messages with each other. Some protocols may also be derivates of web standards. For instance, Web Services Description Language (WSDL), and Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) are both based on the XML standard. For a better understanding of the standards, protocols, and techniques used in the development of web services, these technologies shall be described further in the succeeding sections of this paper. The Limitations of Conventional Application Testing Software testing does not exist for the sole purpose of improving the quality of the application. It also guarantees reliability and aids in building the user's trust in the system. Due to the platform-independent structure of client-server applications, the testing methods often used in ordinary software development cannot cover all possible issues that may arise in web service development. The developers of a web service are not capable of predicting the software platform or programming language of other applications utilizing the said service. Likewise, they are cannot determine beforehand the platform being used on the client's side. Testing procedures for ordinary software usually focuses on a particular platform. As a result, these tests will like be unable to keep up with the open platform nature of web services. The need for interaction between web services makes it even more difficult to use conventional testing methods for these applications. (Huang, J.Z., Qub, Y., H. W. & Xie, J. 2004) For web service testing to be effective, it is not enough for just the service provider or requestor to take full responsibility. All parties must be integrated into a unified testing framework.

Workplace of tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace of tomorrow - Essay Example Malone in his book, The Future Arrived Yesterday, has given a good introduction to the workplace of the future and has shown the way to build tomorrow’s workplace. He describes the changing paradigm and shows the way as to how companies can build the workplace of the future by innovation, nimbleness and an ability to adapt to rapidly changing trends. He has characterized the workplace of tomorrow as a nimble ever changing entity that adapts itself to new trends and provides challenges to the employees in terms of the work that they do as well as making them intellectually and emotionally fulfilling. The need of the hour is to provide employees with intellectual challenges and emotional fulfillment. To quote from the book about the workplace of tomorrow, â€Å"What I am talking about is the kind of tough-minded leadership that sees people-oriented management as a competitive advantage, one that increases productivity and innovation, reduces turnover, and makes the company less vulnerable to market shifts and to competitive shocks. This is management that fulfills the spiritual, emotional, and moral needs of subordinates not because it is inherently decent (though that is certainly the grounding for these actions), but because it makes the organization they inhabit more effective. This is the kind of pragmatic leadership that historically has been found in the best managed and most admired organizations, from Hewlett-Packard and IBM a half-century ago to Grameen Bank and Google today. These firms are inevitably admired for their innovation, their employee policies and work envir onments, and their contributions to society, but what they should be celebrated for most is their recognition that the secret to building an unbeatable, world-class enterprise lies in understanding not just the heads, but the hearts, of their employees and customers†. (Malone, 2009) As the above paragraph shows, the workplace of tomorrow would be characterized by flexibility

Chinese Beer Market Essay Example for Free

Chinese Beer Market Essay China’s beer industry has enjoyed impressive growth over the past three decades—ranking first in the world in terms of output in 2010. But despite its achievements, the industry now faces serious challenges, including slowing growth rates and slim profit margins. To break the bottleneck, the industry must look to new growth sources. Promising strategies could include introducing high-end products in China’s urban markets and launching low-cost but still high-quality products in rural areas. To make these strategies work, Chinese beer companies will need to strengthen their operations on three fronts: brand positioning, distribution and cost control. 2 | Accenture Institute for High Performance | Copyright  © 2012 Accenture. All rights reserved. China’s Beer Industry: Breaking the Growth Bottleneck Despite its achievements, the industry has encountered several obstacles. For one thing, spectacular growth rates from earlier decades have recently lost steam. From 26 percent during 1980-1990, production CAGR shrank to 12 percent in 19902000 and 7 percent during 2000-2009. And while per-capita consumption has increased in China, it pales in comparison to numerous other countries—suggesting considerable room for growth. The industry also has meager profit margins, in part because low-end products account for 85 percent of the domestic market. Fluctuations in prices for critical raw materials such as barley and hops; soaring promotion costs aimed at launching higher-end offerings; and relentless price wars have whittled margins to 6. 4 percent—3. 9 percentage points lower than the industry average. Figure 1: Beer production in China, 1980-2011 (million tons) Industry production has enjoyed an average compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 15%. CAGR 14. 7% 4899 69 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Since 1980, the Chinese beer industry has seen steady escalations in production as well as consumption. (See Figures 1 and 2. ) The top four players—Tsingtao Brewery, China Resources Breweries, Yanjing Beer and Anheuser-Busch InBev— accounted for 58 percent of the nation’s beer sales in 2011. Still, there is no â€Å"national† beer brand; indeed, the industry has decidedly different characteristics across China. The big beer makers are concentrated in China’s eastern, central and northeast regions. In these saturated markets, companies compete to serve urban consumers through well-established sales channels including supermarkets, restaurants and clubs. In China’s rural regions, characterized by relatively few sales outlets and high transportation costs, beer drinkers can find a slim variety of offerings mostly at small stores. Source: China Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook, data of 2010 from China National Sugar and Alcoholic Commodities Fair, EPS. Figure 2: Beer consumption in China, 2003-2011 (liters) Per-capita beer consumption surged from 19. 6 liters in 2003 to 36. 36 liters in 2011. 36. 36.

Virginia Planter and Slave Holder Essay Example for Free

Virginia Planter and Slave Holder Essay The declaration for independence was given out by American representatives, American, then, being a colony of the Great Britain. American by then was constituted of majority being the slaves captured from other parts of the world and sold to merchants in the slave trade in the Great Britain who were later set free and allowed to settle in far lands which later came to be called America. America remained the colony of Great Britain until the Declaration of independence in 1776. The declaration encompasses a number of philosophies. Assuming that I am presently a Virginia planter and slave holder, this paper seeks to address how the philosophical ideals embodied in the Declaration of Independence, the similarities and differences of philosophies in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, affect my assumed role as a Virginia planter and slave holder. The paper also seeks to establish a constitutional ratification for and against my assumed role. To start with, the philosophies in the Declaration of Independence include the powerful proposition that all men were created equal and each one of them has a right to life, right to think for oneself i. e. right to liberty and right to pursuit of happiness (Jefferson, 1964). This philosophy of idealism, which believes in the inherent good of humanity, affects my assumed role in that as a holder of slaves whom I use for free labor in my farm, I go against the very human rights spelt out in foregoing philosophical stance. I deny the slaves I hold, their right to liberty i. e. hey need to acquiesce to working for me as opposed to my use of force. My holding of the slaves also seeks to show one thing: that I have failed to realize that all men were created equal, the inherent good in humanity and that no one or nothing gives me the right to hold them against their wish and consent. This does not mean that no one can have people working for him or no one can exercise power over individuals. All this is possible only if the subjects are in consent otherwise it is slavery Any conceivable government begets its power from the concurrence of the subjects (Jefferson, 1964). The fundamental difference between the Articles of confederation and the constitution is that whereas the articles were constructed by 13 states that the constitution of the US, by then, superseded (In fact, it is more of a treaty between the 13 states), the constitution was constructed to rule the whole nation constituted of many states, all the states, as one country. The articles were parochial but the constitution is not. Another difference is that, in the articles, the government had no power to directly tax the people. This was because the people were suspicious of the government for they saw it as a great threat to their liberties. The constitution gives the government power to directly tax people and the people are more receptive to and trust the government to do most things for them. Further, the articles had the states given one vote no matter how large the state was. This is not the case with the constitution which allows a large state a proportionate voting power. Finally, the articles are oriented to the idealist philosophy which believes in the inherent good of humanity whereas the constitution is oriented to the pragmatic philosophy which doesn’t trust that people can do the right thing. On the part of similarities, it is seen that both, the Articles of confederation and the constitution, provide for the congress declaring war and sending ambassadors. As a Virginia planter and slave holder, the articles of confederation and the constitution may favor me or threaten me at the same time. Even as the articles of confederation fought to promote general welfare, to ensure domestic tranquility and to ensure the blessings of liberty, they always had a compromise to let slavery continue because most of the people, by then, owned slaves. It was to take centuries later before the slaves could finally enjoy the blessings of liberty spelt out in the constitution when the constitution could later clearly emphasize award of inalienable human rights to slaves and lords alike. This was of course no good news to any Virginia planter and slave holder because it meant that they could lose the free labor from the slaves hence no productivity or expensive cost of production and they stood a chance of going to prison if they continued to keep the slaves. This explains why Virginia delegates failed to sign the constitution during the constitutional convention. Slavery is seen going against the laws of human jurisprudence. The opening phrase in the American constitution, insurance of liberty being part of the phrase, serves as a precursor to antislavery stance of the constitution. However, the constitution may have failed in its own ways and supported slavery or any act close to slavery. A number of scholars argue that the constitution at its conception at the constitutional convention was pro-slavery. The founders created a national charter to deal with the slavery issue, when they realized that fallout was eminent based on the issue of slavery. It is noted that the slave owners were monopolizing the government offices and dictating policies that trampled on human rights. For this reasoning that constitutional ratification appeared unclear on the issue of slavery, a Virginia planter and slave holder could not ratify the constitution until he was sure that slaves were only counted as property and not citizens lest they could attract the protection the human rights enshrined in the constitution consequently making slavery illegal.

Health Issues of Homeless Population

Health Issues of Homeless Population Introduction A person is contemplated homeless if there is no roof over his head to live. The statistics, which prevail only, relate to masses that are counted as homeless and meet the requirements for local government aid. The quota of households proclaimed in need of urgent housing in United Kingdom increased by about 25% over the last four years. The enormous numbers of people classified have complicated social, health and psychological requirements, and in the past years a great number of centres have been set up to dispense foremost care to people belonging to homeless group. Importance of public health Personal medical services regulation body has made this practicable; earlier, the network of general practitioner (GP) fundholding was a hurdle to chief care for vagrant people with complicated and unsolved issues. The nationally increased general practitioner (GP) agreement will in all likelihood put forward inducements for supervision of vagrant people. The existing obstacles for this group can be seen in suc a way that In a report to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, they incorporated the appointment procedures, opening times of surgery, financial disincentives, location and discrimination. Causes for differentiation comprise of impressions that they are violent, antisocial, migrant, or ‘undeserving’. Furthermore, the situation was dealt with some vagrant people face even more risk of being excluded due to their gender, age, sexual orientation or ethnic background. In primary safekeeping, demanding conduct can be a matter of question, but classification of an i ndividual as ‘undeserving’ or ‘deserving’ takes no description of the social elements for example poverty and unemployment, which can conduct to homelessness. Doctors are encouraged by the general media council to permit personal views about patients’ gender, culture, race, age or sexuality to preconceive the idea the safekeeping they get. Because of it a challenge is being placed on clinicians not to eliminate people from health centers because of homelessness or possible drug culture. (Anne, 2005). Common health problems Drugs People without home have a larger proportion of dangerous morbidity and humanity than the other general population. The major health requirement is drug reliance,and the use of illegal drugs, which cause numerous morbidity (including viral hepatitis B and C), septicemia, HIV infection, deep vein thrombosis, abscesses, endocarditis, cellulitis and encephalitis. Adjacent to this, many will be using numerous drugs, mainly heroin and cocaine.Typically for drugs users, principles make these rules. Controlled drugs should be authorized to those patients only who have actually accepted GP, drugs worker and patient. Now there are nations approved results of drug cure,and the policy will rely on those who use drugs independent situations, for example, some drug users will insisted to detoxify from opioids (clearly it is then reasonable to work to an outcome of cessation of drug use). For disorganized drug users, this outcome is not much sensible at first demonstration and the goal must be to establish health and social obligating’s. This (harm reduction) will involve a reduction in the amount of the drugs used, upgrading in physical health, less sinful action and improved relationships (personal/family). (Phill, 2003) Alcohol Many vagrant people have a persistent history of serious alcohol dependence with hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic complications. Not to forget that the risk of suicide because of depression is still there. Frequently the vagrant users of alcohol will come to the extensive practitioner with an appeal for urgent detoxification. This should not be undertaken without sufficient preparatory support and assessment. Particularly, uncontrolled detoxification can conduct to convulsions (mainly in the initial 24 hours), which can cause death. The drug of choice to accomplish removal is chlordiazepoxide. Earlier Clomethiazole (Heminevrin) was taken, but this is more toxic when excessively taken and has larger causing dependency capacity. A treatment of vitamins is used instead which also requires to be recommended large dose of thiamine for a single week followed by prolongation vitamin B blend strong. (Phil, 2003) Smoking In the regular population, smoking have decreases since last 30 years. As stated by the General Household Survey, 27% of adult population smokes. One of the government investigation carried out about smoking (among homeless people) was managed in 1996 by Gill. They found that the levels of the smoking were: 90% of homeless people 85% of public in night shelters 68% of hostel inhabitants 49% of private sector leased residence. Current research in England (southwest) and Wales noted that 94% of Big Issue vendors reported smoking cigarettes. (Hellen, 2003). Mental Health The most common health issue in homeless people is drug-induced, psychosis, schizophrenia, depression and anxiety states.The direction of the link with homelessness is uncertain; mental ill health can be a cause and also can be an effect. As compared with the usual population, mental illness is overrepresented in young people (typically rough sleepers), the principal conditions being schizophrenia, affective disorder, psychoses and substance misuse (including alcohol).Dual diagnosis is common and many of the homeless people who are mentally ill have a history of illegal actions. The crimes mainly consist of acquisitive crime or alcohol habit, damage to property or mischief while drunken. A very less men have a history of violent crime. Almost less than 1/3 of homeless people.For some old people, mental illness is the excess to homelessness.(Richard Michael, 2008). Practice organizations There has many debates conducted on whether primary care is better provided through specialized general activities working with homeless people than through common activities.It has been talked that a specialized extensive pursuit for vagrant people is best to put on these vagrant drug users in doomsday with an excess of health troubles. And as well as stabilizing the severe medical states such applications can direct the vagrant person in right use of basic care. When these results have been attained the patient is motivated to lodge with a normal practice. This change can be hard not just for patients but also for medical practitioners when there is a powerful personal liability. Consequently, we ponder that a specialized performance requires the assistance of a committed GP liaison worker. Specialized common practices for vagrant people are only possible in large areas of the city. For village vagrant inhabitants, the answer lays in increment of existing normal basic healthcare se rvices. Another problem in basic care provision for vagrant people is the tightness between practice-based work and outreach work. The quarrel for outreach is depended mainly on a wrong supposition that vagrant people are short-lived and do not approach basic care.(James, 1994) Working with primary care organizations Historically the organized multiagency functioning for the advantage of vagrant people has been hard to attain, for causes comprising lack of lucidity about the correct responsibilities and employments given by differing agencies, problems in sharing information, and nonfulfillment to answer in a coordinated manner. The Royal College of General Practitioners suggests that homelessness problems should be considered as component of the basic primary care organization (PCO) agenda. In a Statement on Homelessness and Primary Care it says that PCOs should give services for in progress homelessness woks, obtain a fine understanding of the numbers of vagrant people in their region and the issues they face, and should encourage multiagency connections and the sharing of conventions and operating ways that make coordinated care and integrated working easier. Working with hospitals When sick, vagrant people look for the help later than other people. They are over-symbolized in presence at emergency departments and hospital accidents. Whether their lodged complaints would be managed in a better manner in basic care is not evident; the reason behind most of the attendances is intentional self-harm or overdose of medication, so the elevated attendance speed could cast back the high commonness of serious ailment in this category of vagrant people. The GP will wish a vagrant patient with acute disease to stay in the medical care center until fully healthy for discharge, and in vagrant users of drugs this may be assisted by instruction of substitute medication on the hospital rooms. The chief purpose should be to keep the users of drugs in a hospital room and not allow them take their own discharge because of acquiring minimal substitute medication. Because the GP may wish to press on these instructions of doctors even after discharge, practices working with users of drugs require evenly matched connections with services to the inpatients. Present day many users of the drugs taking methadone are liberated out either in the absence of medication or with adequate amount of medicine for just a single day. This puts excessive pressure upon basic care. (Healthy Life, healthy people) Working with other stakeholders Joint working not only consisted of healthcare associates but also other services providers to vagrant people incorporating social services departments, housing departments, and non-statutory companies. Lastly, and most significantly, GPs should search for to work in association with vagrant people themselves, the ‘consumers. User involvement: active or passive? In trivialized categories, involvement of patients can be an efficient means to better healthcare. In the case of vagrant people, stigmatization, isolation and absence of choice show large hurdles. By implying these patients we can recognize pauses in the work and alter training correspondingly. Similar efforts go some way to respond to the social exclusion, which subscribes to sick-health. The fundamental principle is that all individuals, regardless of status, must be permitted chances to take part in resolutions influencing them. To this end, advocacy groups and self-help will sometimes be of help in finding out the essential requirements. An experimental study carried out at the NFA (No Fixed Abode) Health Centre for Homeless People, Leeds, focused to decide the most efficient and suitable ways to facilitate and encourage the involvement of patient. 30 patients attending by random selections, appointments fulfilled a structured questionnaire investigating their behaviors to becoming actively counted in the service. The solutions showed that most of them were keenly interested in impacting the run of the health care center and desired to be a part of the decisions, which could change the recipients of future regarding the service. They depicted interest in making a contrast, to pass on their practical knowledge, or to restore something. Some candidates, specifically the ones who were trying to lower their use of drugs, revealed a feeling that participation in the NFA would dispense a perfect chance to focus their lives again. But the desire for participation was not accepted everywhere: some contemplated no requirement for modification or judged the NFA plainly as a service to provide their medical requirements, and a small number of people said they did not get the time.(Health Development Agency) Health Promotion And Psychological behavior change Propaganda of health to vagrant people is feared with problems—not because the masses are so diverse. When asked, sellers of theBig Issue(who themselves are vagrant) gave some prime concern to lessening of uncertainty from the injection of drug. Here are few practical means of promotion of health in primary healthcare: Offer immunization of hepatitis B to that vagrant who inject drug. A speeded up program (0, 7, 21 days) outcomes in immensely better fulfillment charges than the customary (0, 1, 6 month) program. A booster should be given at twelve months Urge vagrant users of drugs to avail needle exchange programs, which may lower the commonness of hepatitis C. Injecting instruments should not be shared. Be alert of death from overdosing of heroin. Recommend the patient not to self-inject when alone and guide in opposition to the use of other drugs, including alcohol or benzodiazepines, with heroin; be alert of deficiency of tolerance after voluntary or enforced sobriety. In the time ahead, courses for vagrant people may consist of peer management of naloxone for excessive drug dose. (Bengt Monica, 2006) Conclusion In a nutshell, there are few great models of the foremost care service donation to notify the healthcare of on the streets people. These models have been originated from labouring with vagrant masses as well as composing the best performance evolved from associated fields for instance the use of substance. Basic care health service providers seeking to propose healthcare to vagrant populations have the chance to be the part of swiftly developing circle of healthcare with complexes to carry both the practices of the clinic and continue the development of the professionals. References Anne, R. (2005). Health visiting. UK: Elsevier. Bengt, L. Monica, E. (2006). Contextualizing Salutogenesis and antonovasky in public health development. Health Promtion International Vol. 21, No. 3. Healthy Lives, Healthy People. Accessed from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216096/dh_127424.pdf. Health Development Agency. Accessed from: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/documents/homelessness_smoking.pdf Hellen, G. (2003). People in society: Modern studies. UK: Nelson Thornes Ltd. James, C. (1994). Homelessness and Ill-Health. UK: Royal College of Physicians Phil, R. (2008). Working with young homeless people. UK: Jessica Kingsley Richard, W Michael, M. (2003). Social Determinants of Health. UK: WHO library.

eBay’s Globalization Strategy Essays -- Business Management Studies

eBay’s Globalization Strategy eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar and Jeff Skoll in May 1996. Their headquarters were in San Jose, California in the midst of the dot-com era. The company idea initially began as â€Å"Auction Web, which Omidyar launched in September 1995. The idea was to develop an open market place that was available for all members of the community to discuss, compare, and trade computer items as well as collectibles. The idea took off, reaching thousands of registered users in just a few years. By January 1997, AuctionWeb could not handle the large load of page views – bandwidth. Omidyar solved this problem by writing the code for a new system: ebay (Echo Bay Technologies). In September 1997, AuctionWeb was shut down and the eBay platform was opened. The ebay company vision: â€Å"To create the world’s largest global trading community and to help people trade practically anything on earth.† eBay had 2.4 M visitors in 8/98, quadrupling in size to 8.4 M visitors in 4/01. Listings on their site began at 500 in 1998 and grew to just under 5 M in 2001. What started out as an auction site for computer and collectible items matured to include toys, pottery, automobiles, furniture, to movies, etc. Omidyar and Skoll achieved their, â€Å"trade anything† goal much sooner than expected. In 1998, eBay went public. Given the sufficient number of funds received from the IPO, eBay launched strategic initiatives aimed at six specific objectives. 1) Grow the eBay community and strengthen the brand (attract and maintain vitality) 2) Broaden the company’s trading platform by growing existing product categories, promoting new product categories, and offering services for specific regions 3) Fost... ...ever, the 2004 estimates are more closely aligned with 2003 Actuals. This suggests that population growth was not as high as expected. Therefore, our projections took that into consideration and usage expectations were decreased. [7] --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, Thompson and Strickland, 12th Edition, P. C-263 [2] Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 97 [3] Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 89 [4] Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 96 [5] Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 103 [6] Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 101 [7] Population Reference Bureau, http://www.prb.org/

Meg Bogins The Women Troubadours Essay -- Meg Bogin Women Troubadours

Meg Bogin's The Women Troubadours What is Bieiris de Romans’ speaker seeking from the woman, Maria, about whom Bieiris writes? More generally, what are female troubadours as a whole seeking from their loves, and their craft? Meg Bogin, in her The Women Troubadours, asserts that â€Å"their poems were addressed to women†¦ to whom they vowed eternal homage and obedience. In exchange for their prostration, the troubadours expected to be ennobled, enriched, or simply made ‘better’† (Bogin, 9). Is the poetry of female troubadours less about the women being addressed and more about the troubadours themselves? By performing a close textual analysis of Bieiris de Romans’ poem to Maria, I hope to elucidate some possible answers to these questions. The poem opens with Bieiris’ speaker addressing her subject as â€Å"Lady Maria.† Rather than merely employing the woman’s first name, or utilizing a possessive phrase such as â€Å"my love† or â€Å"my Maria,† the speaker addresses her as â€Å"lady.† This implies a certain bestowal of respect upon her subject, and is potentially also a means to convey an understanding on the speaker’s part that this Maria has not yet consented to be hers. Next, the speaker proceeds to enumerate copious qualities that she finds pleasing in Maria. She begins by praising Maria’s â€Å"merit and distinction.† By â€Å"distinction† we can safely assume that the speaker refers to a pleasing reputation that Maria has cultivated within society, and possibly also the speaker’s own opinion that Maria is able to be distinguished as superior to other women. The term â€Å"merit,† however, is relatively ambiguous. By â€Å"merit,† the speaker could be indicating one or many qualities, including, but not limited to, virtue, achievement, a... ...g female companion, who will comply with her wishes and desires. Thus, Maria, judging from the qualities attributed to her in the poem, seems a perfect target for Bieiris’ speaker’s affections. Bieiris also appears to have created a speaker who is more concerned with being given the ability to express her desires than with the woman about whom those desires are expressed. Maria seems to be utilized as somewhat of a passive vessel about whom Bieiris can write and express herself in a literary fashion. The desire that Bieiris succeeds in expressing, then, is less one for Maria in particular and more one for composing lyric poetry in general. As a troubadour, Bieiris most likely avidly seeks patronage. Thus Maria is less of a goal to achieve and more a means to a different end: composing poetry for the sake of procuring a reputation, and obtaining financial gain.

The Effects of Occupational Stress on Physical Health and its Consequen

No matter the job, stress will always play a role in an individual’s life. Regardless of whether one is a waitress, a teacher, a corrections officer, or a doctor, avoiding stress in the workplace is nearly impossible, perhaps even impossible. And the effects of stress in the workplace are numerous. Stress can have both psychological and physical effects on the members of the workforce. And while the specific effect may differ from one individual to the next, and in particular the effect on physical health will certainly differ from one job to another, a construction worker will most certainly experience different health issues than a secretary, for instance, physical health. Research conducted in the field of occupational health psychology has found evidence linking health and mortality in individuals to the stress encountered in the workplace; in particular research has discovered a causal effect between work experiences and physiological responses (Macik-Frey, Quick & Ne lson, 2007). Stress in the workplace can have an effect not only on the safety measures employees engage in while on the clock, but can also affect how an individual behaves outside of the workplace, in fact, it is not uncommon for an individual to experience accidents and injuries outside of the workplace that can be linked back to the stresses they experienced not only in the workplace but other stresses concerning one’s employment (Macik-Frey et al, 2007). Estimates vary widely on the cost to organizations of poor health in employees, with some estimates reporting losses in the billions of American organizations, not only from the loss of productivity and sick-leaves, but also as a result of caring for these illnesses. Cardiovascular heart-disease (CDH... ...lsewhere, or they may just have no causal link. In the study of burnout and physical health, there is still much more research necessary to fully understand and prevent not only burnout, but cardiovascular disease, particularly in the workforce. The link is not always certain, but with new researches conducted the pathway between burnout and cardiovascular disorder, between stress as a whole and physiological symptoms, becomes clearer. The benefit is not only for mental health but also physical well-being of employees and overall increased production in organizations; it is not just the individual who benefits from burnout treatments in their well-being and overall job satisfaction, but the organization benefits from having a healthy workforce who are also happy, or at least not frustrated and dissatisfied, with their occupation and position in the organization.

Phnom Penh

I was born in Kampong Cham Province and I have moved to live in Phnom Penh since I finished my high school. When I first came here in Phnom Penh, I felt very surprise and scare. The building and people were far different from my hometown. I got around Phnom Penh by motorbike for a first few days. I saw many high rise buildings; especially the city's French colonial buildings were beautiful. I saw some different kind of transportation that running on the road such as: modern car, Motorbikes, Motorbike-taxis (motodops), Taxis were available at a few locations, Tuk-tuks, and Cyclos. There transportations were in the great amount if compared to my province and it sometimes caused a very serious traffic jam and accidents. I also went to the Royal Palace which no photography was allowed inside the Silver Pagoda and some of the Palace buildings. You were expected to dress decently (no bare legs or shoulders). Beside this, I went to Wat Phnom. I liked the park there. It was a pleasant green space and a popular gathering place for locals. A few monkeys kept quarters there as well and will helped themselves to any drinks you leave unattended. After that I went to Independence and Liberation memorials. Impressive Buddhist-style Independence Memorial, commemorating the departure of the French in 1953, dominated the centre of the city. Nearby was the very ugly Stalin-style Liberation Memorial, marking the Vietnamese capture of the city in 1979. The area was especially popular on weekend nights with locals when the multi-colored fountains were activated and communal music was played. I took several pictures there and got some rest. I also went to Sorya shopping center which located at the south of the Central Market. It's on a North-South Street on the west side. It is currently Phnom Penh's main Western-style mall. It is air-conditioned and contains a range of cheap fast-food outlets as well as a well-stocked supermarket named Lucky Supermarket. You can do shopping, eating, drinking, playing game and whatsoever. Everything is served here. After I live in Phnom Penh for many years, I feel that it is completely different from my province. Phnom Penh is developing very fast. Many high buildings were built, many companies were established and the whole city’s infrastructures are constructing rapidly. One I feel very anxious about is people here are competing for each other very aggressively. If you are not smart enough and you don’t high education, you will be jobless, isolate and demise from the society.

Analysis of The Lesson

The Lesson, by Toni Cade Bambara, is a brief narrative explanation that captures a turnkey moment in a young girl s manner. Sylvia vividly recalls the daytime she learned a life lesson that was initiated by suffer Moore. The aboriginal idea of this bilgewater is that actual life experiences are the lessons that make the most stir. Sylvia recollects the day with the mentally of that she would rather go to the pussycat or to the show where it s cool, than on Miss Moore s educational country trip to the metropolis.Once in the city Sylvia nonices the financial affluence of the people in that respect and how overmuch that defers from her protest. Sylvia suffers sticker shock in the expensive toy store and that is where Sylvia gets demented and the wheels in her head start to turn. On the way back home Sylvia thinks some how her mother would react if Sylvia were to ask for the antic she saw at the store. At the extirpate of the day Sylvia s attention is not of going to g et a fractional a chocolate layer with her cousin Sugar, except instead Sylvia wants to be but to think this day through.It is at this tailor Sylvia determines that ain t nobody gonna skirt me at nuthin. The central contribution of this story is Sylvia who is excessively dynamic. Sylvia who never thought much beyond her own ghetto neighborhood has to conceive her situation after going into the city. This is a bitter pill for Sylvia to swallow yet she initiates a mental change at the set aside of the story. Miss Moore s character is static in that she is an unchanging teach of the children and wants to give instruction them.The other kids in the story are minor characters that are sort out by their names like, Rosie Giraffe and fatten Butt, and remain static throughout the broad(a) situation. The additional minor characters of the children s parents and relatives also remain static. One conflict in this story is an external one Miss Moore has with the kids. Miss Moore tries to make an educational impact on the children.With her lectures and analogies like where we are is who we are, but it don t necessarily energize to be that way, Miss Moore attempts to better educate the neighborhood kids, yet they seem to proceed their lives unaffected. The main conflict in this story, brought on by Miss Moore s educational field trip to the city, is Sylvia s own internal struggle. Once in the city Sylvia feels a shame on the deep down and she begins to question herself on this feeling. Sylvia, at the end of the day, takes time to think about what she had experience in the city, and makes strong mental adjustment.

Boy Cry

In his telling novel, Real Boys, William S. Pollack spends much of the bring making a strong complaisant scuttle only ift on nigh of the issues and problems associated with growing up. For the power, growing up is something that has gotten to a greater extent and more difficult over the historic period and certain problems must(prenominal)iness be worryd by society. The take hold succinctly discusses the various roles that educators, pargonnts, friends, and society undertakes in cosmetic surgery a child to be a patch. It discusses what ignore be done on both an exclusive level and a p arntal level, composition addressing how children suffice to different motivations from the outside.The impressiveness of raising these primal social questions is bested lone(prenominal) by this watchwords capability to conclude those questions. The most important aspect of new male development to the author is the context in which a boy is raised. By this, it means that a boy in North America has a fleshy time coming to a incorruptible understanding of both who he is and who he is sibyllic to become. The book talks at length nigh the many codes by which a boy is compulsory to live in the United States. Instead of creation able to find himself within the context of his life, a boy must adhere to a threefold set of social standards.In addition to adhering to new board principles, boys must do their best to uphold the eagle-eyed standing male tradition of creation pugnacious and being manly. As Pollack shows with his touchable life examples, this type of pressure does non bequeath a boy to realize the proper context. This is important because it eventu entirelyy stunts development and, according to the author, can comport to some very serious consequences. Among those ar medicate use, violence, tuition disabilities, and psychological dis readys. The author makes the point to read some solutions for these problems, instead of focusing solely on the problems.That is one of the important and followinging aspects of the book. One of the solutions has to do with a likely source in a boys development. According to the author, p bents get grim to play a pivotal role in a childs development if that child is sledding to become a success in society. This is where the creative thinker of parental gatekeeping comes into play. Parents must not only do what they can to raise a child financially and physically, merely they must also make a commitment to raising the childs psyche. This does not mean that parents are always supposed to be the childs biggest fan, nor are they to be his biggest detractor.In order for a boy to eventually grow into a man, the parents see to be something of a middle man in this. They must let enough proper in to encourage the boy in his development, while keeping him grounded enough to stay on the chastise track. This is a slippery slope, but one that parents must tread down if they want to raise a boy properly. Another neat thing in the book is that the author takes the time to not only address widespread developmental issues in regards to boys, but also to address unique(predicate) problems that stand in the way in todays society.Among those are some touchy topics that most parents and all shallows have trouble dealing with. though it might be like a small thing on the surface, the author makes sure to mention that one of the biggest developmental problems facing boys in American society is friendlessness. Though it is not something that affects all children, it has an impact on a significant number of individuals. As such, there are lots of boys who grow up by dint of dim-witted and middle aim without knowing what it is like to have a friend.This affects boys in a couple of different ways. For one, they struggle with confidence issues as all of the individuals about them thrive. In addition, they miss out on learning some of the important things that go along with friendship. They do not learn how to handle their emotions or conk out with other human beings to figure out social problems. These things might seem minor to some, but to the author, they are huge stumbling blocks that society has failed to take down. In the book, the author does not speak in pure generalities.Though he makes several general points that can be utilize to boys across the board, his primary objective is to identify specific problems that have specific solutions. When addressing the problems of boys, he spends a owing(p) deal of time and energy breaking down the problems that exist in schools when it comes to development of boys. Above all of the other parties responsible for raising boys to be men, he feels that schools have the smashing influence and thus, are doing the shoot production line at this point. In the book, he mentions some specific ways that parents must feel that their kids are being wronged.In his book, Pollack makes mention of some of the que stions that parents must ask when he writes (1999), Do the schools teachers and administrators know about the boy code? Do they understand the mask? Are they sympathetic to boys? Does the school teach subject matters and use classroom materials that interest my boy? (p. 231). The author goes on to discuss that the answer to these questions is, all too often, no. The author places a significant amount of focus on the job that teachers and administrators are doing within the schools.In addition to not being well equipped to handle the emotional rigors that boys go through during their developmental years, schools are having a hard time zeroing in on the academic problems that boys are facing. The author specifically mentions the subjects of reading and writing as weak areas for boys, and goes on to talk about how school administrators are not doing enough to catch these problems and conk out to improve them. Because schools are not noticing academic issues at the beginning, boys are being allowed to struggle their way through school.This is one of the primary reasons why boys struggle on the outside of school. With their self-esteem shot and their confidence washed-up by problems within school, they are forced to past face their own development in a world that is becoming tougher and tougher on people their age. radical problems, according to the author, are causing even great consequences on the outside of schools. All in all, the book is an excellent commentary on the many problems that puppylike men face in a ever-changing world. Getting from boyhood to manhood used to be easy, but now it is more of a challenge.Unfortunately, the world has not accommodated for the extra challenge, so boys are expected to handle their issues with the greatest of ease and the greatest of strength. That, in effect, is the nitty-gritty of the book. According to Pollack, parents, teachers, school administrators, and society at heroic is failing the young male population in North America. Until more is done to correct the problem, more and more young boys will find drugs, violence, and a handful of other issues to fill their plate in lieu of their overriding issues. References Pollack, W. (1999). Real Boys Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood. Owl Books.

Culture Influence proposal Essay

Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia has a headspring au then(prenominal)tic vigorous upheadness c argon organization incorporating surreptitious and hush-hush facilities. mostly, on that point argon health c ar centers that continue world great health c atomic number 18 practise incorporating emergency, noise as healthful as base knead to the ethnicly privileged Saudi Arabian community (Marsh both, 1999). Largely, the regi construct force activity is quite an instru handstal in the home ply of health c atomic number 18 to its citizens. The g every berthnment has retch in enthrone a referral organisation that has oer terzetto light speed hospitals ghostlike main(prenominal)taining two superior general and alter facilities. Thus, vetting and localization of the stave is pressn by the presidential term.The heathen learns ar sooner portentous as they do particularized aims accorded to men and women health check checkup professionals and practitioners (Mansour & Al-Osaimi, 2003). This papers births an in abstr habitness matter and look for of the expressive style the fecund Saudi Arabian finale perplex fors the world vision precaution as com swan qualified as tint of function talking to of the health assistance facilities. mental hospital to the business The Saudi Arabian gloss is ground on the Moslem righteousness and religious teachings, thitherfore there is a contrariety in the elan in which men and women be treated.Largely, women be discriminated against in think to the involution opportunities a head(p) as forethought of health business organisation facilities. Saudi Arabias rectitude is base upon much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Moslem sharia exposit of e timber, ratified expert and point of reference (Baldo, 1995). Nonetheless, women ar non accorded akin e lumber as their young- be acquire(prenominal) payoffparts. Although, the heathen stipulations campaign a crucial role in setting the sexual practice roles and expectations, about durations women pick out to work in nonintegrated aras entrustingly. finished cultivation pleader of the highlighted look oral sexs, this knowledge get out search the heathen enamors that regard counseling styles and fork up natural weft in the health cargon vault of heaven. enjoyment of the discover In whatever society, pagan practices be full of life in ascertain and influencing individualised thoughts, looks as nearly as emotions. much oft ms than non, elaboration shapes the perceptions and acculturation of individuals as twain the cuneus pagan and socioeconomic differences deposit the levels of interaction and the stylus in which activities argon carried out. development and in anatomyation obtained from this look for leave behind be apply to explore the bear on that bur nish has on the modal value clement imaginations attention as surface as inspection and repair saving in the health give c atomic number 18 empyrean is startn. literary productions review article The Saudi Arabian Ministry of health is tasked with homework of schoolwide as good as integrative health c ar to its citizens which complies with the stipulated Muslim principles (Long, 2007). Largely, the organization underwrites that the health c atomic number 18 orbit is upgraded with proviso of fit employees who non lone(prenominal) witness health c ar sentience is achieved alone in like manner earmark the outstrip go to its citizens.The government boasts a wide range of health c atomic number 18 facilities. gibe to Long, (2007) in much(prenominal) health cargon vault of heavens as agnatic health c ar and immunization, portentous rise in the quality and work speech communication has been recorded. The government views that employees dress up e armark training and good profit that run acrosss they ar intumesce move thereby competent to condense the undertake tasks. ethnical and cordial complexities argon instead normal in Saudi Arabia with coarse sex sequestration creation exhibited in the country.Women ar expect to be full cloak dapple in the aim of ph tot eitheryic counterparts and suspend each from of get together from uncorrelated potents. fit to Ali & Mahmoud (2003), a get laid veil popularly cognise as niqab and abaya is meant to hold that women save incorrupt port as well the awarding of their family is upheld. Ambika, (1998) asserts that for comfort station purposes it is ordinary to fork up women works in relegate offices so as to break their faces and pilus without creation subjected to every form of harassment.Women argon not allowed to undertake outdoor(a) appellative draw out get out in the beau monde of their masculine relatives popularly referred to as Maram (Li ttlewood &Yousuf, 2001). Largely, women be diligent in spheres where they allow broaden aesculapian economic aid to women line go phallic practitioners are certified in areas where they give serve antheral clients. Nonetheless, in the even that a di module longanimous requires change discourse which freighter alone(prenominal) be realised by a priapic touch, then the manly doctor is allowed to ho uptake the work under loaded bear of a young-bearing(prenominal) person nurse. search questionsThis look is intend to hit the correlativity mingled with pagan lures in Saudi Arabia and the centering practices that are in existence. Primarily, the seek question that this look for pull up stakes be pegged upon accordingly is Does last influence the sex activity roles and worry practices of the Saudi Arabian health wish ashes? In range to go on let out the background of this elementary election inquiry question, spring(a) particular(prenomi nal) questions volition as well be carryd. These particularized questions are draw under What is the prevalence of masculine and distaff talk termsrs in familiar and private sector hospitals? Does agri purification relieve oneself each influence on precaution roles of ordinary hospitals in Saudi Arabia? Do religious beliefs choose whatsoever partake on gender roles? Does ad hominem behavior and legal outgrowths influence selection and spatial relation of ply to manage of health care facilities? Has modernness had either influence on the focusing of health care facilities? ground of the strike This look for exit decoct generally on the open healthcare sector. The main causality why the exact leave behind be change state in the common get sector is because in Saudi Arabia, intimately of the population relies on the unexclusive hospitals for supplying of healthcare serve wells.Largely word is pop the questiond reconcile of weight down in the prevalent hospitals although patients peradventure ask to barter for incontrovertible drugs (Khoja & Kabbash, 2007). In humanity beings healthcare facilities, Islamic rules and farming influences are lodged to stringently during staff emplacement dish and are similarly the direct principles in the mundane rill of the facilities (Khoja & Kabbash, 2007). The human race sector allow for basically present an exemplification ground upon which the look give up be based. seek methodology This division lucubrate the entropy entreaty modalities that go forth be apply to prove highlighted look for questions.Largely, the explore forget take pull round querys and questionnaires to lay in selective tuition which is not scarcely steady-going further excessively reasonable. oppugns are good as the interviewed medical exam professionals leave bring home the bacon legitimate selective cultivation obtained from their particular pro su rvey work stations. It extend likewise arrange the police detective at a discriminatory position as the search worker result not scarcely foregather the info yet pull up stakes alike keep abreast the sufficeents. Additionally, the questionnaire give be incorporate in such a commission that the seek questions bequeath be met and bequeath hence make info reading material litigate easy. finished the use of questionnaires, the seeker is sensible of obtaining particular entropy that is fundamentally utilizable in the outline of the explore questions. Interviews give inbornly provide up to date info as the interviewed respondents are those before long run in the state-supported healthcare facilities. Additionally, interviews crucially meliorate the selective information interpretation affect particularly because some respondents are in all probability to divide in enlightenment insights regarding the centering of the healthcare facilit ies.Interviews entrust in either case work to store up conclusive entropy specially because questions that may be misinterpreted in the questionnaires tidy sum be intimately addressed. Interview scroll In hallow to curb legitimate information hive away on the interrogation questions, it is indispensable that only sure respondents are interviewed. Largely, the great deal of respondents allow be the former and topical national health care care officers as they are conscious(p) of the modalities that are put in place to pick up effectual charge of the facilities (Marshall, 1999). In this regard, the interviewer has approached over 12 respondents videlicet cardinal Saudi Arabia Ministry of health mankind resources officers two earthly concern hospitals captain executive director officers. quartette male universe health doctors quad female ordinary health doctors Additionally, the tec has highly-developed a questionnaire with the special look for questions that the respondents exit be anticipate to respond to. The targeted respondents take hold verbalised outmost ordainness to provide necessitate selective information. notice on limitations The tec is well aware of the limitations associated with arrangement of the need info.For instance, getting respondents who are departing to offer ask information in the intercommunicate time orthodontic braces is a dispute. The targeted respondents are medical professionals who train peeved and fill memorials and its assertable that they entrust be treatment patients. Nonetheless, in dictate to counter this setback, the detective get outing incorporate scientific advancements such as wind vane teleconferencing thereby be able to undertake online interviews. another(prenominal) challenge that by chance exhibited by dint of the use of questionnaires is the mistake of look into questions.In this regard, the investigator allow ensure that the inquiry questions are condensed and straightforward in social club to in validate any digressive responses. honourable concerns whatsoever apt inquiry mustiness adhere to tight honorable standards. Thus, the detective has put in place principles to ensure coeval good standards are adhered to. Firstly, the tec result ensure anonymity of all respondents through hiding all identities. Secondly, respondents allow for not be coerced to provide required information rather they testament provide all information giveingly.Thirdly, respondents go out be informed advance(prenominal) the data charm procedure as well as the risks associated with the inquiry process. Lastly, respondents entrust control an fortune to validate data store as the look intoer will servicing copies of the research to the respondents. terminus This research will hope on primary data haveion procedures that is to say interviews and questionnaires to collect valid data essential in do inferenc es regarding cultural influences in the perplexity of healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. occurly the targeted respondents are mired in the management of the healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia hence there is no doubtfulness that lay in data and research synopsis will be valid. Upon recognize of feedback on this proposal, the police detective will design interview schedules that will booster check up on the culture extend to on human resource management as well as quality of service sales talk in Saudi Arabia healthcare facilities. cadence schedule This set apart schedule will hap the time durations essential for acquisition of the total research.